The Geometric Origins of Fundamental Laws Derived from Zhang Xiangqian's Unified Field Theory: Electromagnetism (Part II)

This paper presents a systematic geometric derivation of the fundamental laws of classical electromagnetism within Zhang Xiangqian’s Unified Field Theory (UFT) paradigm of “Physics is Geometry.” Starting from the first principle that spacetime undergoes cylindrical helical motion at the speed of light, the author reinterprets electric charge, current, and electromagnetic fields as geometric quantities emerging from the intrinsic structure of spacetime. Within this unified framework, the paper derives—step by step and in full mathematical detail—the Biot–Savart law, Gauss’s laws for electric and magnetic fields, Ampère’s circuit theorem, Faraday’s law of induction, displacement current, the complete Maxwell equations, Lorentz force, electromagnetic wave equations, photon–wave relations, and electromagnetic energy–momentum conservation. All key results are expressed uniformly using geometric constants such as ℏ, α, c, and e, removing dependence on empirical electromagnetic parameters. The work includes rigorous dimensional consistency checks and numerical verification using CODATA 2018 constants. In particular, the fine-structure constant is derived internally from UFT symmetry as:α_UFT = 1/(4π³ + π² + π),reaching agreement with the CODATA recommended value at approximately the 10⁻⁶ level. This paper provides a coherent and mathematically explicit reconstruction of electrodynamics from first principles, supporting the UFT claim that physical laws originate from spacetime geometry rather than empirical postulates. 05TheGeometricOrigins2 Keywords Unified Field Theory; Zhang Xiangqian; Electromagnetism; Maxwell Equations; Geometric Physics; Fine-Structure Constant; Spacetime Geometry; Biot–Savart Law; Lorentz Force; Electromagnetic Waves Submitter note: This Zenodo record was prepared and uploaded by the paper formatter/editor to support open access dissemination. The scientific content and authorship belong to the original author (Huang Binggang).