FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF CONVERBS IN MODERN KARAKALPAK

This article examines the functional-semantic peculiarities of converb forms in modern Karakalpak within the broader context of Turkic linguistics. Although converbs in Turkic languages have been studied to some extent, their categorical features, grammatical and syntactic properties still require comprehensive theoretical investigation. The study reviews scholarly approaches to converbs, including the classifications proposed by L. V. Shcherba, M. A. Akhmetov, K. M. Lyubimov, J. G. Kiyekbayev, M. V. Zaynullin, and A. N. Baskakov. A detailed analysis of primary and secondary converb forms in Karakalpak is presented, covering their morphological structure, aspectual and temporal meanings, and functional distinctions. Examples from Karakalpak heroic epics illustrate the use of converbs in expressing temporal, causal, purposive, comparative, and manner-related meanings. The study concludes that converb forms in Karakalpak do not always indicate subordinate or secondary actions, and in certain contexts, they can function similarly to finite verb forms..