Result-Oriented Perpetual Motion: Reconstructing the Definition and the Limits of Impossibility Arguments
Abstract
Perpetual motion is commonly regarded as impossible under thermodynamics.This work argues that such impossibility claims rely not on physical laws themselves, but on a rigid definition of “perpetuity.” By redefining perpetual motion in terms of sustained positive net output over infinite time, this paper shows that semi-permanent systems and intermittent operation can qualify as perpetual in a result-oriented sense, without violating thermodynamic laws. In this view, the impossibility of perpetual motion is not a physical necessity, but a matter of definitional faith. The theoretical framework and definitional reconstruction presented in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author. Engineering-oriented structuring and notation refinement were supported by a conversational AI as an auxiliary tool.All claims and conclusions remain entirely attributable to the author.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Physics and Engineering Research Articles
Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 14 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint