Design and validation of IoT-based smart gardening systems for sustainable urban living.

Beyond technical architecture, the literature increasingly stresses trust and value-based design in IoT-enabled smart living services. With the transition of care / assistance functions from human agents to automated systems, transparency / reliability / user perception are central issues. From basic functional reliability to deeper engagement and collaboration depending on how services are designed and experienced, user trust can evolve [9]. This highlights the need to balance automation with human centered design principles for long term adoption. IoT technologies also promote sustainability and energy efficiency in smart living environments. Continuous environmental performance assessment and energy efficient operation in smart buildings are possible with sensor-based monitoring. IoT-based temperature and environmental monitoring systems have shown to reduce energy loss and increase sustainability outcomes while preserving user comfort [10]. IoT-based smart living systems contribute to social sustainability and everyday convenience in addition to energy and health applications. Interactive/context-aware systems promote user engagement and independent living in aging societies. Prior studies show that simplicity, reliability and perceived usefulness are key factors determining IoT adoption in daily life [11].