A Comprehensive Survey on Multimodal Biometric Authentication Using Palm Pattern and Dorsal Hand Veins

This survey brings a multimodal biometric system which is combination of dorsal hand vein (DHV) and palm pattern (PP) analysis for enhanced personal identification. Using near-infrared imaging, CLAHE, Gabor and Frangi filters improve image quality, while U-Net segmentation and Arc-Face encoding extract precise and accurate features. Score-level fusion with Z-score normalization and cosine similarity encourages recognition accuracy. The approach offers superior security and reliability for applications and also additionally secures with other multimodels and reliability application like banking and restricted access systems compared to single-modality methods. Outperforming traditional single-modality biometric methods.