MOLEKULALARNING KIMYOVIY XUSUSIYATLARI: ALKOGOLLAR, KISLOTALAR VA BOSHQA ODDIY FUNKSIONAL GURUHLAR

MOLEKULALARNING KIMYOVIY XUSUSIYATLARI: ALKOGOLLAR, KISLOTALAR VA BOSHQA ODDIY FUNKSIONAL GURUHLAR Shermatova Zilola Farg’ona davlat texnika universitet 2-son akademik litseyi kimyo fani o‘qituvchisi https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18254940 Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada organik kimyo fanining muhim bo‘limi hisoblangan funksional guruhlar, xususan alkogollar, karboksil kislotalar va boshqa oddiy funksional guruhlarning molekulyar tuzilishi hamda kimyoviy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Funksional guruhlarning organik birikmalarning fizik va kimyoviy xossalariga, reaksion qobiliyatiga va amaliy qo‘llanilish sohalariga ta’siri yoritib beriladi. Shuningdek, alkogollar va kislotalarning asosiy reaksiyalari, ularning biologik va sanoatdagi ahamiyati ilmiy jihatdan asoslab beriladi. Mazkur tadqiqot organik kimyo fanini o‘rganishda nazariy bilimlarni mustahkamlash hamda talabalarning molekulyar tuzilish va funksional guruhlar haqidagi tushunchalarini kengaytirishga xizmat qiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: organik kimyo, funksional guruhlar, alkogollar, karboksil kislotalar, molekulyar tuzilish, kimyoviy xossalar, reaksion qobiliyat. Annotation: This article analyzes functional groups, which are a key concept in organic chemistry, with particular emphasis on alcohols, carboxylic acids, and other simple functional groups. The molecular structure and chemical properties of these compounds, as well as the role of functional groups in determining physical properties, reactivity, and practical applications, are discussed. In addition, the main reactions of alcohols and carboxylic acids and their significance in biological and industrial processes are scientifically substantiated. The study contributes to strengthening theoretical knowledge in organic chemistry and expanding students’ understanding of molecular structure and functional groups. Keywords: organic chemistry, functional groups, alcohols, carboxylic acids, molecular structure, chemical properties, reactivity.