"The Unified SDD Model: Solving the Hubble Tension through the 1:137 Stability Ratio and Space-Density Constant (k=0.256)"

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Authors: Govinda prasad Kandel, Govinda prasad Kandel, Govinda prasad Kandel
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Abstract

Abstract/Description: This research presents the 'Space-Density Displacement' (SDD) model, a transformative framework that resolves the two primary crises of modern cosmology: the Hubble Tension and the necessity of Dark Matter. Key highlights of this Version 13.0 Addendum include: Hubble Tension Resolution: By applying the Kandel Constant (k=0.256), the model mathematically bridges the 5.8~km/s/Mpc gap between early-universe (67.4) and local-universe (73.2) expansion rates. Dark Matter Alternative: Galactic stability is explained through the '1:137 Stability Ratio', replacing the need for hypothetical dark matter with a precise balance between internal displacement and cosmic expansion forces. Massive Data Validation: The theory has been subjected to a rigorous "Stress Test" using a dataset of 1.8 billion galaxies and stars (sourced from SDSS DR18), yielding a statistically significant accuracy rate of 94.91% (r=0.9491). Physical Driver: The expansion is attributed to the 1:322 density ratio between Hydrogen and heavy metals, causing local "Space Displacement" during stellar evolution. JWST Alignment: Provides a physical basis for the mature, high-metallicity galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope in the early universe via the Multi-point Origin Theory. This paper establishes cosmic expansion as a self-regulating physical reaction to changes in matter's internal density, offering a robust alternative to the standard \Lambda CDM model.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Cosmology and Gravitation Theories Galaxies: Formation Evolution Phenomena Stellar planetary and galactic studies

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
15 January 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint