Squid Gladius: A Revolutionary Material for Advanced Technologies and Sustainable Innovation

Gladius, commonly known as the squid pen, is an important internal structure that is primarily composed of β-chitin, possessing superior mechanical strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility compared to crustacean α-chitin. Every year, squid processing produces a significant amount of waste, with gladius being a valuable yet underutilized byproduct that continues to be discarded despite possessing promising properties for value-added and sustainable utilization. Due to its novel properties, it is increasingly explored for applications in biomedical, environmental, and agricultural sectors, making it a key component for a circular economy. It demonstrates effectiveness in wound healing, drug delivery systems, antimicrobial agents, and water treatment, including the removal of heavy metals and pollutants.