Supporting dataset (Figures 1–5, Table 1): External pH effects on bovine sperm motility and mitochondrial function

This record provides supporting materials for the manuscript: “The importance of external pH level in sperm journey: A new perspective on sperm motility and mitochondrial function: a bovine model study”(intended submission: Human Fertility). Contents- Figures 1–5 (TIFF): motility and kinematic changes across extracellular pH (CASA) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; TMRE-based fluorescence).- Table 1 (XLSX): effects of extracellular pH on sperm motility and kinematics (mean±SD; n=30 frozen semen samples from one bull; 60 technical replicates per condition). Group differences were tested using one-way ANOVA (or Kruskal–Wallis if assumptions were violated). Multiple comparisons were controlled by Tukey’s HSD or Dunn’s test with BH adjustment (q