Detectable Post-Poll Integrity for Offline Electronic Voting Systems

Electronic voting systems deployed at national scale face a trust challenge that procedural safeguards alone cannot fully address. This preprint presents a hardware-rooted, offline voting architecture that introduces cryptographically signed, append-only vote logs to make post-poll manipulation detectable without altering voter experience or requiring network connectivity. The system is designed for large-scale, offline elections and focuses on post-election auditability rather than voter-verifiable cryptography. The paper includes a formal threat model, system architecture, security analysis, and deployment feasibility discussion. This work is intended as a technical and systems-oriented contribution to election security research.