The Dynamics of Gender Power Relationships and the Potential for Domestic Violence: A Case Study of Women in the Kepanjen Region

This study analyzes how gender power relations shape domestic violence against women in Kepanjen. It uses a qualitative explanatory case study approach with four victims or survivors of domestic violence. The results show that unequal power relations emerge through four forms of power: structural, relational, institutional, and symbolic. This inequality is evident in the domestic burden borne entirely by wives, the minimal involvement of husbands, and cultural and religious legitimacy that positions women as the submissive party. The power relation patterns found include direct domination, passive domination, and domination based on cultural and religious values, all of which increase the likelihood of physical, psychological, economic, and sexual violence. Victims understand that domestic violence is a form of injustice, but social pressure, responsibilities as mothers, and fear of stigma make it difficult for them to leave the relationship. Victims' responses vary, ranging from silence and submission as a coping strategy to verbal or physical resistance when the violence crosses the line. Overall, this study demonstrates that domestic violence is deeply rooted in patriarchal structures that influence how women experience, interpret, and respond to violence. These findings underscore the importance of gender-based interventions and social support for survivors.