Electrolyte Disturbances and Their Association with Glycemic Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes milieus (T2DM) is a disorder with complex metabolic and endocrine defects. It results from an alteration in insulin function and its action on peripheral tissue. Genetic and environmental factors also play important roles in the severity of T2DM. Serum electrolytes play an important role in normal body homeostasis. There is also increasing evidence that electrolyte imbalances are early biochemical events responsible for long-term diabetic complications. An imbalance in electrolyte distribution may lead to various clinical disorders, especially if it affects the course of diabetes and its management. So, this study was planned to investigate the electrolyte disturbance and its association with glycemic status in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was an observational study conducted in the General Medicine OPD, VIMSAR, Burla, on 200 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biochemical analyses for glucose and calcium, sodium and potassium, and Magnesium were done using standard procedures. All data were analysed by GraphPad Prism version 5. Results: Serum electrolytes such sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium dropped substantially when FBS, PPBS, and HbA1C levels increased in the study group. Most electrolyte abnormalities were hyponatremia (53%), followed by hypomagnesemia (38.5%), hypokalemia (33.5%), and hypocalcemia (31.5%). Patients had 7.5% hypernatremia and 5.5% hyperkalemia. Conclusion: Thus, On careful monitoring to serum electrolyte concentration in DM patients along with glycemic status. Consequently, the assessment of serum electrolytes in diabetic patients must to be included into standard patient care, and any anomalies should be rectified.