The Temporal Bridge to the Standard Model
Abstract
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics relies on approximately 26 empirical parameters whose numerical values lack a primary physical explanation. While several algebraic and spectral approaches have demonstrated remarkable numerical reconstructions of these constants, such results remain fundamentally kinematical and do not identify the physical mechanism responsible for their rigidity. The Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU) proposes an ontologically complete paradigm in which time is promoted from a coordinate to a primary physical substance. Space, mass, and interactions emerge as collective manifestations of temporal dynamics. In this framework, time is described by a dynamical field τ(x, Θ) defined on a M⁴ × S¹ manifold, where the compact hyper-time coordinate Θ encodes intrinsic phase structure. We demonstrate that fermion masses, mass hierarchies, and the existence of exactly three generations arise naturally from stable solitonic solutions of the temporal field equations. Mass emerges as phase inertia of temporal vortices, while parameter rigidity is enforced by a non-linear saturation mechanism intrinsic to temporal dynamics. As a proof-of-principle, we present explicit calculations in the nucleon sector, showing that the proton and neutron masses arise from phase-vortex stabilization with an accuracy exceeding 99.99%, using a single temporal-energy functional without invoking quarks, gluons, or the Higgs mechanism. This work establishes the physical mechanism and computational viability of the approach, rather than a complete numerical reconstruction of the full Standard Model parameter set. Keywords: Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU); Standard Model parameters; fermion mass hierarchy; chronons; temporal solitons; hyper‑time (Θ); M⁴ × S¹ manifold; phase inertia; non‑linear saturation; generation bound (N_gen = 3); proton–neutron mass difference; parameter rigidity; spectral quantization; flavor mixing (CKM, PMNS); temporal viscosity; phase pressure; falsifiability.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 16 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint