Flash-flood exposure and intensifying rainfall extremes as critical challenges for the U.S. railroad

This dataset provides the processed data products supporting a national‐scale assessment of extreme rainfall, flash‐flood risk, and climate‐driven hazard intensification across the United States, with specific application to rail infrastructure exposure. The archive integrates NOAA Local Climatological Data (LCD) precipitation observations (1975–2024), flash‐flood event records, HUC12 hydrologic boundaries, and rail network linkages, and extends the analysis to future intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) projections derived from downscaled CMIP6 climate model outputs (LOCAv2). The uploaded files include: Station inventories and quality‐controlled precipitation extremes Annual exceedance probability (AEP) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) outputs Stationary and nonstationary IDF curves and trend diagnostics Historical and future IDF comparisons under SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 Flash‐flood risk integration at watershed and rail‐segment scales Rail accident attribution and historical damage cost summaries Regional rainfall intensification and risk factor datasets All files are organized by analytical workflow stage and provided in compressed archives for efficient distribution. The dataset is intended to support reproducible climate‐risk assessment, infrastructure vulnerability analysis, and adaptation planning under intensifying precipitation extremes.