Hallmark-Driven Cancer Suppression via Programmed Cell Death Coordination A Systems-Biology and Endocannabinoid Signalling Framework

Hallmark-Driven Cancer Suppression via Programmed Cell Death Coordination A Systems-Biology and Endocannabinoid Signalling Framework Description Cancer is increasingly understood as a dynamic, adaptive systems pathology rather than a static genetic disease. This white paper presents a non-prescriptive framework linking canonical cancer hallmarks to coordinated suppression and biasing of programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and immune escape mechanisms. The paper synthesizes established hallmarks of cancer with apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and related PCD mechanisms, framing tumour persistence as a stabilised network state maintained through redundancy and feedback. Particular attention is given to the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a regulatory interface integrating inflammatory tone, metabolic stress signalling, immune modulation, and cell-fate decisions. This work does not propose therapies, protocols, or clinical interventions. Instead, it provides a structured conceptual architecture intended to support research, systems modelling, and interdisciplinary analysis in precision oncology and cancer biology. Intended audience: researchers, systems biologists, oncologists, and interdisciplinary scientistsKeywords: cancer hallmarks, programmed cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, endocannabinoid system, systems biology, metabolic reprogramming