C2 as a Functional Peripheral Node in the Neuromatrix: A Unified Framework for Pain, Non-Otologic Vertigo, and Bruxism

This conceptual paper proposes a unified functional framework in which the second cervical segment (C2) acts as a critical peripheral node interacting bidirectionally with the neuromatrix. Within this model, pain, non-otologic vertigo, and bruxism are interpreted as alternative clinical outputs of a shared maladaptive network state rather than independent organ-based disorders. Building on the neuromatrix theory, the article extends its application beyond pain to include perceptual and motor phenomena. Persistent hyperexcitation of C2 is conceptualized as a source of aberrant afferent signaling capable of stabilizing dysfunctional neuromatrix states through Hebbian plasticity. Depending on network prioritization, this dysfunction may manifest as cervicogenic pain, non-otologic vertigo, or bruxism. This record includes two full versions of the manuscript: an English version intended for international dissemination and a Spanish version for clinical and educational use.