Resolution of the JWST Surface Brightness Crisis (Tolman Test) via Vacuum Viscosity Model (η≈0.14)

Notice: This document represents an early-stage conceptual draft. It has been deposited in this archive primarily to establish academic priority for the core physical hypotheses and experimental proposals (e.g., the local energy density framework). Readers should be aware that the mathematical formalism and numerical calculations herein are preliminary and are currently undergoing rigorous refinement. For the fully calibrated and peer-reviewed mathematical framework regarding the cosmological applications of this theory, please refer to the latest publications of the Primary Energy Research Group. This work extends the Primary Energy theory (Paygachkin, 2026, Zenodo:10.5281/zenodo.18243276) to explain the anomalous brightness of high-redshift galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. The model demonstrates that surface brightness falls as (1+z)^{-1} rather than (1+z)^{-4} predicted by ΛCDM, providing a natural solution to the Tolman test crisis without requiring exotic galaxy evolution scenarios.