Advances In Precision Livestock Farming: Integrating Digital Technologies For Smart And Sustainable Animal Production

Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) integrates automation, sensor‐based monitoring, artificial intelligence, and data analytics to optimize management of nutrition, reproduction, and animal welfare. It marks a shift from group-based to individual‐animal care, emphasizing early detection, adaptive feeding, and efficient resource use. By applying intelligent systems to monitor physiological, behavioural, and environmental parameters, PLF enables informed decisions that improve productivity and sustainability. Precision feeding and nutrition refine the dietary formulation and delivery to meet specific animal needs, minimize feed waste, and enhance health. Reproductive prospective management within PLF enhances fertility monitoring, estrus detection and breeding precision through advanced sensors and predictive analytics. This paper reviews the technological foundations, sectoral applications, and challenges of PLF, with emphasis on its role in feeding efficiency, reproductive success, and system sustainability. It concludes with key insights and future research directions for integrating PLF into modern livestock production and is present as well as the future key to unlock profitable dairy farming. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Dairy production, Data analytics, feeding, IoT, Precision livestock farming, reproduction, sensors, and sustainability.