Comparative Analysis of Hydroponic and Traditional Onion Cultivation: Yield, Sustainability, Efficiency, and Cost in Pakistan

This research is a literature-based study that compares hydroponic and traditional soil-based methods of onion cultivation, with a focus on conditions relevant to Pakistan. The study brings together information from multiple research articles, agricultural reports, and case studies to understand how both methods differ in terms of crop yield, water usage, sustainability, efficiency, and cost. The analysis shows that hydroponic systems generally use less water and space and can support controlled plant growth, making them suitable for urban areas and regions facing water shortages. Traditional farming methods, however, remain more common due to lower setup costs and ease of use for farmers. This study aims to help students, beginners, and interested readers understand modern agricultural techniques and their potential role in improving food production and sustainability. The findings highlight hydroponics as a supportive and innovative farming approach rather than a complete replacement for traditional agriculture in Pakistan.