ANTI-ANGIOGENICITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Mikania micrantha LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN MALLARD DUCK (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) EMBRYOS

This study explores the anti-angiogenic activity of Mikania micrantha leaf ethanolic extract through the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay in Anas platyrhynchos embryos. Concentration-dependent effects of the extract were observed, with higher concentrations demonstrating greater inhibition of blood vessel formation. Notably, concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0% exhibited significant anti-angiogenic activity, while lower concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% displayed moderate effects. Alpha- tocopherol served as a potent positive control. The extract significantly induced vasodilation in both primary and secondary blood vessels at various concentrations. Specifically, the 0.1% concentration resulted in the greatest increase in secondary blood vessel diameter, indicating a strong dose-dependent response while substances like alpha- tocopherol can lead to vasoconstriction. Safety assessments revealed minimal adverse effects on embryo viability, except for a single mortality at 5% concentration. These findings underscore the potential of M. micrantha leaf ethanolic extract as a natural anti- angiogenic agent, particularly at concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0%, with implications for therapeutic interventions in angiogenesis-related disorders. Phytochemical screening identifies alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in the extract, underscoring its diverse bioactive constituents. The absence of anthraquinones is noted. Overall, these findings highlight the anti-angiogenic potential of M. micrantha extract, emphasizing its promise as a natural remedy for angiogenesis-related disorders.