CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO CHRONIC RHINITIS: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT

Chronic rhinitis is a prevalent condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal mucosa lasting for more than 12 weeks, often accompanied by symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and postnasal drip. The disorder significantly affects quality of life, sleep patterns, and overall respiratory health. Etiological factors are diverse, including allergic triggers, non-allergic irritants, infections, anatomical variations, and systemic conditions such as hormonal imbalances or autoimmune disorders. Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to symptom overlap with other upper respiratory pathologies, yet it is essential for implementing targeted therapy. Advances in diagnostic modalities, pharmacotherapy, and minimally invasive surgical interventions have improved the management of chronic rhinitis, allowing for individualized treatment plans that reduce symptom burden and prevent long-term complications such as sinusitis and olfactory dysfunction.