Apertures on Multitoroidal Surfaces.A Geometric Variational Model for the Proton Gap.

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Authors: Михайло Юрійович Ковальчук
Cited by: 0

Abstract

We present a purely geometric and variational construction of apertureson a system of three smooth toroidal surfaces arranged in a trefoil-knot topology.Apertures are defined as connected components of free surface regions arisingfrom energy minimization under smooth contact constraints.We prove that the number and shape of apertures are fixed by topology andelliptic regularity, leading necessarily to six concave triangular regions.The construction is fully computable and independent of physical assumptions.All parameters are derived from vacuum properties via the Schwinger criticalfield mechanism.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows Relativity and Gravitational Theory Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
18 January 2026