Apertures on Multitoroidal Surfaces.A Geometric Variational Model for the Proton Gap.
Abstract
We present a purely geometric and variational construction of apertureson a system of three smooth toroidal surfaces arranged in a trefoil-knot topology.Apertures are defined as connected components of free surface regions arisingfrom energy minimization under smooth contact constraints.We prove that the number and shape of apertures are fixed by topology andelliptic regularity, leading necessarily to six concave triangular regions.The construction is fully computable and independent of physical assumptions.All parameters are derived from vacuum properties via the Schwinger criticalfield mechanism.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 18 January 2026