SkyArc: A Transport-Oriented Pre-Insertion Ascent Architecture Using Distributed Annular Propulsion

Abstract Conventional space launch systems inherit ballistic, missile-derived design assump- tions characterized by high acceleration, irreversibility, and single-event failure modes. This paper proposes SkyArc, a transport-oriented ascent architecture that redefines the pre-insertion phase as a controllable, abort-capable logistics operation rather than a propulsion-limited event. SkyArc employs a reusable carrier vehicle utilizing distributed annular propulsion to perform low-acceleration vertical ascent within predefined opera- tional corridors. Orbital insertion remains the exclusive domain of conventional rocket propulsion, which is decoupled from atmospheric ascent requirements. The framework emphasizes system-level architecture over novel propulsion physics, enabling scalability, fault tolerance, and human-compatible safety margins using existing technologies.