Formulation Design, Optimization, and Physicochemical Evaluation of a Polyherbal Dentifrice: A Comprehensive Pharmaceutical Technology Approach

The present investigation aimed to develop and evaluate two distinct polyherbal dentifrice formulations utilizing crude plant powders and hydroalcoholic extracts, respectively, and to conduct a comparative assessment of their physicochemical and organoleptic properties.Six medicinal plants (Achyranthes aspera, Capparis decidua, Senna auriculata, Jateorhiza palmata, Mimusops elengi, and Sesamum indicum) were incorporated with pharmaceutical excipients using the dry gum method. Both formulations were standardized to 100 g and subjected to comprehensive evaluation including organoleptic assessment (colour, odour, taste, texture), physicochemical characterization (pH, moisture content, volatile matter), foamability studies, and spreadability analysis following pharmacopeial standards. The crude powder formulation demonstrated a light brown coloration with pH 7.0, foam volume of 3 mL, and moisture content of 39.4%. The extract-based formulation exhibited a light green appearance with pH 7.5, enhanced foam volume of 6 mL, and reduced moisture content of 26.2%. Both preparations displayed acceptable organoleptic characteristics including aromatic odour, pleasant taste, smooth texture, and uniform spreadability. Both polyherbal formulations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical stability and organoleptic acceptance. The extract-based dentifrice demonstrated superior foaming properties and enhanced moisture stability, indicating improved pharmaceutical performance. These findings support the potential of polyherbal dentifrices as efficacious, safe, and natural alternatives to conventional synthetic oral care products.