Institutional Efficiency of DAOs in Scaling Digital Business Ecosystems

The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) as an institutional basis for coordination and management in scalable digital business ecosystems in conditions of limited effectiveness of traditional hierarchical models. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical justification for the institutional effectiveness of DAOs and to identify the main mechanisms of their influence on the processes of coordination, distribution of responsibility, and decision-making in digital ecosystems. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the provisions of institutional economics, transaction cost theory, and collective action theory.The research uses methods of system analysis, theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, and institutional modeling. As a result of the research, the essence of DAOs as a new type of institutional construct in which formal and informal rules are integrated directly into the mechanism of coordination of economic agents has been clarified. It has been found that algorithmic enforcement, implemented through smart contracts, contributes to a reduction in transaction costs associated with the fulfillment and control of obligations, while strengthening institutional constraints. The main mechanisms of DAO’s influence on coordination have been identified, in particular procedural and asynchronous interaction, tokenized collective decision-making, and distributed responsibility. It has been found that the effectiveness of DAOs critically depends on the interaction between formal institutions and informal factors such as trust, reputation, and the activity of the community core. A generalized analytical model has been developed that demonstrates the relationship between DAO institutional mechanisms, their effects, and potential risks in the context of scaling digital ecosystems. The conclusions indicate that DAOs perform the functions of institutional coordination and reduction of transaction costs in digital business ecosystems through the algorithmization of formal rules and the use of smart contracts as a mechanism for ensuring compliance with norms.