The Electron as a Vacuum Eigenmode: Derivation from Topology and Electromagnetic Constants.
Abstract
We demonstrate that the electron is not a fundamental particle but the minimal stable excitation of a structured vacuum. Starting from only the vacuum permittivity, permeability , and nontrivial first homology, we derive the quantum of action h, the elementary charge e, and the electron mass m_e as emergent invariants. The electron appears as a toroidal soliton where the vacuum's critical stress Schwinger limit intersects with topological quantization of phase. This completes the geometric unification by establishing the electron as the primary vacuum eigenmode.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 19 January 2026