Geometric Momentum: Scalar Parallax and Resolution of the Bullet Cluster

Read full text
Authors: Vance Ashley Woodward
Cited by: 0

Abstract

The Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) is widely cited as the definitive proof of Dark Matter due to the observed separation between its X-ray luminous gas and its gravitational lensing center. This paper presents an alternative resolution within the framework of Toroidal Scale Dynamics (TSD), identifying the offset as a consequence of Geometric Momentum. We propose that scalar curvature possesses inertia independent of the baryonic matter that generates it. During a high-velocity merger, while the baryonic gas is slowed by electromagnetic drag, the curvature propagates along the collisionless geodesic, creating a Scalar Parallax effect where the lensing signal appears detached from the gas. Numerical simulations using the Woodward Radius (approximately 1.4 Mpc) demonstrate that this geometric momentum naturally reproduces the observed 200 kpc offset and lensing morphology using only JWST-refined baryonic masses, eliminating the need for collisionless Dark Matter particles.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Cosmology and Gravitation Theories Galaxies: Formation Evolution Phenomena Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
19 January 2026
Document type
Preprint