Olmek heads and Rapa Nui

Abstract This report challenges the traditional "lithic carving and manual transport" paradigm regarding the Colossal Olmec Heads (Mexico) and the Moai statues of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). By applying principles of structural mechanics, soil science, and materials engineering, the author argues that these monuments were produced using geopolymer concrete technology. The "sack-logistics" model (transporting crushed stone as aggregate) is proposed as the only viable solution to the insurmountable mechanical constraints of transporting 20–50 ton monoliths through tropical and volcanic terrains.