Underlying Mechanism of the Constancy of the Speed of Light and the Energy Constraint Principle Based on the Manifestation Oscillator Theory

光速恒定是现代物理学的核心基础命题,狭义相对论将其作为公设引入,却未揭示其底层时空与物质相互作用的本质。本文基于显化振动子理论,从时空基本构成单元的能量约束角度,系统推导了光速恒定的底层机制。研究明确了最小空间单元与最小相位量子的耦合关系,提出单个最小空间单元存在固有能量承载阈值,该阈值决定了相位传递速率的上限即为真空光速 ;光子作为单个最小空间单元的激发态显化形式,其能量输入仅改变相位失衡程度以调节振荡频率,而非传递速率,因此不同频率光子的真空速度恒定;宏观/微观粒子作为多最小空间单元的集群显化形式,能量输入需分配于定向同步传播与内部振荡,导致速度与频率呈负相关。本文通过光电效应、光谱分析、高能粒子加速器等实验数据验证了理论推导的一致性,为光速恒定提供了从底层基元到宏观现象的完整解释路径,并提出极端引力场下的可证伪预测,为理论后续实验验证提供方向。 The constancy of the speed of light is a core fundamental proposition in modern physics. Special relativity introduces it as a postulate but fails to reveal the essence of its underlying spacetime-matter interaction. Based on the Manifestation Oscillator Theory, this study systematically deduces the underlying mechanism of the constancy of the speed of light from the perspective of energy constraints on the basic constituent units of spacetime. The research clarifies the coupling relationship between the minimum spatial unit and the minimum phase quantum, proposing that a single minimum spatial unit has an intrinsic energy-carrying threshold, which determines the upper limit of the phase transfer rate—i.e., the vacuum speed of light c . As the excited-state manifestation form of a single minimum spatial unit, a photon’s energy input only modifies the degree of phase imbalance to adjust the oscillation frequency, not the transfer rate; thus, photons of different frequencies have a constant speed in a vacuum. Macroscopic/microscopic particles, as cluster manifestation forms of multiple minimum spatial units, require energy input to be distributed between directional synchronous propagation and internal oscillation, resulting in a negative correlation between speed and frequency. This study verifies the consistency of theoretical deductions with experimental data from the photoelectric effect, spectral analysis, high-energy particle accelerators, etc., providing a complete explanatory pathway for the constancy of the speed of light from basic primitives to macroscopic phenomena. Additionally, a falsifiable prediction under extreme gravitational fields is proposed, offering directions for subsequent experimental verification of the theory.