Sjögren's Syndrome – Pathophysiology, Symptoms in Various Organs, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Abstract Introduction: Sjögren’s syndrome, or SS, is this long-lasting autoimmune disorder that mostly hits the exocrine glands. Often, people with SS have these autoantibodies floating around, which isn’t surprising given the immune system’s role here. Now, sometimes it shows up on its own what folks call primary SS but it can also tag along with other autoimmune issues like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. The story of SS dates back to 1933 when Henrik Sjögren, a Swedish eye doctor, gave the first thorough description. He noticed the classic trio of symptoms: dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis and that pretty much set the stage for identifying the disease. Purpose: This review aims to enhance the understanding and management of Sjögrent's syndrome by summarizing current guidelines and providing practical compensations for clinical practice. Material and methods: In this article, we present a comprehensive discussion of Sjögren's syndrome. By examining current research, we present the main features of the disease, such as its signs, causes, testing techniques, treatment plans, and prospects. Discussion: Sjögren's syndrome remains a major medical problem because of its unclear and variable progression, which includes common symptoms such as dry eyes and dry mouth, often appearing during the course of the disease and progressing gradually. Its vague symptoms cause delays in identifying the condition, potentially causing permanent organ damage and a serious deterioration in quality of life. Even with treatments that can alleviate symptoms and suppress the immune system, which can help slow the disease and control its progression, the problem is the duration of the disease and the difficulty in keeping patients up to date with the progress of tests. And the tailored treatment method adds optimism for better care, lowering the chances of problems - such as lymphomas. Keywords: 'Sjögren's syndrome', 'mucosal dryness', 'rheumatological markers', ‘arthritis’ and ‘lymphoma’