MODERN METHODOLOGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: THEORY, PRACTICE, AND INNOVATION

The teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) has undergone significant transformation over the past decades due to globalization, technological advancement, and evolving pedagogical theories. Modern English language teaching methodology emphasizes communicative competence, learner autonomy, and the integration of linguistic, cognitive, and socio-cultural dimensions of language learning. This article explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of contemporary EFL teaching methodologies, focusing on communicative, task-based, learner-centered, and technology-enhanced approaches. It analyzes the strengths and limitations of traditional and modern methods, highlights the role of teachers as facilitators, and examines the impact of digital tools on language instruction. The study argues that an effective English teaching methodology requires a flexible, context-sensitive, and integrative approach that addresses learners’ linguistic needs, cognitive abilities, and cultural backgrounds. The findings contribute to the improvement of English language pedagogy and provide practical implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and teacher trainers. Keywords: English language teaching, methodology, EFL, communicative approach, task-based learning, digital pedagogy