Aesthetic and functional use of water in landscape architecture

When the history of landscape art is examined, water initially used primarily for agricultural and hygienic purposes has evolved over time into diverse forms that support both passive and active recreation, exert physical and psychological restorative effects, provide thermal and visual comfort, and in some contexts serve as an indicator of social status. Today, in addition to these traditional functions, water also plays a crucial role in supporting ecological processes and sustaining natural cycles. For landscape architects who seek to integrate natural and built environments, water represents one of the most powerful and versatile elements facilitating this integration. As a fundamental human need, water is an indispensable component of landscape architectural design due to its functional, aesthetic, and ecological properties. This study first examines the use of water across different periods, cultures, and civilizations within the context of landscape art history. Subsequently, it discusses the contemporary aesthetic and functional uses of water in landscape design.