The Role of Premixes in Increasing Milk Productivity of Black-And-White Dairy Cows

Annotation: This study investigates therole of vitamin–mineral premixes in improvingmilk productivity of high-yielding Black-andWhite dairy cows under farm conditions. Theresearch focuses on the physiological importanceof essential vitamins and trace elements inregulating metabolic processes, reproductiveperformance, and milk production. Experimentalobservations were conducted on cows receivingbalanced premix supplementation containingmacro- and microelements such as copper,cobalt, manganese, zinc, iodine, as well asvitamins A, D, E, K, C, and B-group vitamins.The results indicate that premix supplementationcontributes to an increase in milk yield,stabilization of reproductive function, reductionof the service period, and a decrease in obstetricand gynecological disorders. Improved mineraland vitamin balance positively affected feedutilization efficiency and overall health status ofthe animals. The findings confirm that the use ofscientifically grounded premix formulations is aneffective nutritional strategy for enhancing milkproductivity and reproductive efficiency ofBlack-and-White cows in intensive dairy farmingsystems.Keywords: Reproductive activity,vitamin–mineral supplementation, LPP-1,VILOFOSS, copper, retinol, tocopherol,thiamine, microelements