Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Colostrum and Milk Fed to Calves

Annotation: This study investigates thechemical composition and biological propertiesof colostrum and milk fed to calves under farmconditions. Special attention was given to thedynamics of mineral components, particularlytotal calcium and inorganic phosphorus, duringdifferent stages of lactation. Milk and colostrumsamples were collected at various post-calvingperiods and analyzed using standard biochemicalmethods. The results showed that theconcentration of essential minerals graduallydecreased as lactation progressed, which maynegatively influence metabolic processes,skeletal development, and natural resistance incalves. Calcium and phosphorus deficienciesduring early growth stages can lead to impairedphysiological development and increasedsusceptibility to metabolic disorders. Thefindings highlight the importance of monitoringmilk quality and implementing timely nutritionalcorrection through balanced feeding and mineralsupplementation of lactating cows. Ensuringadequate mineral and vitamin content in milkcontributes to improved calf health, growthperformance, and efficient utilization of geneticpotential, thereby enhancing overall productivityin cattle farming systems