A Linear Programming-Based Approach for Creating Cements from Bauxite Residue

In this study, we present a framework for producing classical Portland cements and low energy calcium sulfoaluminate clinkers from bauxite residue in the raw meal. Using a user-defined multi-objective linear programming approach and modified Bogue’s equations, we show the optimal chemistry necessary to maximize the cement phases. Additionally we present the ideal combination of materials in the raw meal (including bauxite residue) to generate the optimal chemistry with minimized cost and equivalent CO2. This framework is based on the database (https://www.sreway.info/sredat/) created to facilitate the optimization of cement clinkers and concrete mix design where users can select raw materials and make clinkers from the formulations suggested. This model can be beneficial to both the alumina and the cement industries where the former has access to quantified valorization through mathematical modelling and the latter has the possibility to reduce the cost and CO2 equivalent of cement production.