SYNTHESIS OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BY SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of nanocomposite material synthesis by sol–gel technology and examines the prospects for using such materials in modern medicine. The concepts of nanotechnology and nanocomposite materials, in particular nano-scale biomaterials (nanobiomaterials), and their roles in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and medical imaging are discussed in detail. The stages of the sol–gel process, mechanisms of stable incorporation of metal-oxide nanoparticles into oxide matrices, and the key parameters that allow control of particle size and morphology (pH, temperature, water-to-precursor ratio R, type of catalyst) are explained from a methodological point of view. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that nanocomposites obtained via sol–gel processing has high scientific and practical potential as drug-carrier platforms, bioactive coatings, bone implants and diagnostic probes. The work provides a comparative review of research conducted by CIS and international scientific schools and presents a systematic discussion of the scientific and technological approaches required for introducing sol–gel nanocomposites into medical practice.