Green Blood Stoppers: Evaluating Herbal Coagulants as Sustainable Alternative to Chemical Agents

The physiological process of haemostasis, which includes blood coagulation is essential for stopping uncontrollable bleeding after vascular damage. Both intrinsic and extrinsic routes, as well as common pathways regulate the intricate interactions between platelets, clotting factors and reactions of the vascular wall components. Despite the routine clinical use of traditional haemostatic drugs such as etamsylate, carbazochrome sodium, fibrin glue and tranexamic acid. The demand for a safe alternative are increasing due to their high cost, side effects and limited availability. Medicinal herbs rich in bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins have been known for their chief role in wound coagulation and healing since time immemorial. Platelet activation, aggregation, vasoconstriction and clot formation are the mechanisms involved in hemostasis which are played by plants like Blumea balsamifera and Moringa oleifera. History, classification, mechanism of action and therapeutic applications of conventional and herbal blood coagulants are well elaborated in this article. It highlights their advantages, limitations, synergistic potentials and challenges for clinical translation and standardization. This review emphasizes the need for combining traditional knowledge with modern pharmacology in order to develop reliable, effective and accessible haemostatic agents from herbs by comparison of plants and synthetic drugs.