Behavior of Wild Tigers in Captivity at the Central Zoo, Nepal

This study investigates how visitor presence, sex, and duration of captivity influence the behavioral patterns and welfare indicators of rescued wild tigers (Panthera tigris) housed at the Central Zoo, Jawalakhel, Nepal. Using instantaneous scan sampling supported by continuous CCTV recordings across two seasons, we provide empirical evidence that visitor presence significantly alters activity budgets and increases stereotypic behaviors such as pacing and chewing. We further demonstrate sex-specific behavioral differences and distinct behavioral profiles associated with short-term versus long-term captivity.