Hub Only Pipeline Topology Architecture Standard (HOPT-AS)

The Hub-Only Pipeline Topology Architecture Standard (HOPT-AS) defines a system-level architecture and assurance framework for carbon capture, transport, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems based on hub-only pipeline connectivity and solids-based CO₂ transport. In this architecture, CO₂ is captured at emitting facilities in solid-bound form, transported via conventional logistics to centralized regeneration hubs, and released as gaseous CO₂ only at those hubs. Pipelines therefore connect hubs to hubs, rather than emitters to pipelines, reducing infrastructure complexity and enabling scalable, multi-emitter participation. HOPT-AS establishes mandatory topology rules, system boundaries, stakeholder domains, allowed configurations, participation conditions, and certification requirements for interoperable CCUS deployment. The standard is designed for multi-stakeholder environments involving emitters, hub developers, logistics providers, pipeline operators, and storage or utilization operators, with clearly defined interfaces and responsibilities. Version 1.1 introduces Dynamic Compliance and Real-Time Stewardship, a governance framework for maintaining architectural integrity as infrastructure evolves. Under this framework, hub siting, cluster expansion, logistics routing, and pipeline corridor development are continuously aligned with approved topology classes and future backbone expansion. Real-Time Stewardship is implemented through a Cluster Architecture Steward operating under HOPT-AS rules and governs architecture alignment without affecting asset ownership, engineering design, or operational control. Systems operating under this framework may achieve HOPT-Stewardship Certification, representing continuous architectural compliance. HOPT-AS is intended to support scalable CCUS deployment in regions with dispersed industrial emissions and limited pipeline infrastructure. By combining a hub-only topology with governed expansion and Dynamic Compliance, the standard provides an interoperable, auditable, and evolution-ready architecture for multi-phase CCUS infrastructure development.