Genetic Basis, Inheritance Patterns, and Prevention of β-Thalassemia in South Asia: A Narrative Review

This review article examines β-thalassemia in South Asia, detailing HBB gene mutations, inheritance patterns, population prevalence, and molecular screening strategies. Drawing on data from Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and neighboring regions, it emphasizes the role of consanguinity, co-inherited modifiers, and diagnostic challenges. The study highlights preventive measures including premarital screening, genetic counseling, and public health interventions to reduce the burden of β-thalassemia in high-prevalence populations.