Non-Equilibrium Unified Theory: Exclusion of Negative Mass and Limited Gravitational Control

We present a unified theoretical framework based on non-equilibrium force dynamics, in which gravity, electromagnetism, wave phenomena, spacetime structure, and cosmology are described by a single algebraic interaction mediated by a complexity field $D$. Within this framework, mass and electric charge are unified through an effective mass, forces are unified as manifestations of non-equilibrium imbalance, and spacetime scales emerge from minimum surface-distance constraints. We demonstrate that negative effective mass and antigravity are fundamentally forbidden by the requirement of monotonic $D$-field growth, which defines cosmic expansion and the arrow of time. Nevertheless, we show that a limited, first-order modulation of gravitational coupling is possible through controlled charging. This work clarifies why the universe can exist, why it expands, why time is one-directional, and why only specific particles (photons and positrons) realize equilibrium states.