التحليل البنيوي والرمزي الفينيقي لكلمتي «بكة» و«مكة» في القرآن الكريم دراسة لغوية–معرفية في الجذر والوظيفة المقدسة

This paper presents a structural and symbolic analysis of the words “Bakka” and “Makkah” in the Qur’an, focusing on the Phoenician–Semitic letter symbolism and their functional significance in the sacred context of Masjid al-Haram. By analyzing each letter as a semantic and structural unit, the study demonstrates that Bakka represents the phase of crowding, pressure, and purification, while Makkah represents empowerment, organization, and stability. The research links this transformation to the holistic system of the Sacred House, including the Ka‘bah, Zamzam, ritual rites, Qiblah, Black Stone, and Maqām Ibrahim. This methodology provides a linguistic–structural approach to Qur’anic place names, avoiding philosophical or esoteric interpretations.