Commerce in Transition: From Tradition to Transformation

The landscape of global commerce has undergone a profound metamorphosis over the last century, evolving from localized, relational exchanges to a hyper-connected, digital global economy. This review paper critically analyzes the trajectory of this transition, exploring the shift from traditional, face-to-face commercial practices to the transformative digital ecosystems that define the modern era. By examining the historical foundations of commerce, the disruptive impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and the rise of e-commerce and platform economies, this paper elucidates the mechanisms driving current transformations. Furthermore, it investigates the socio-economic implications of this shift, including changes in consumer behavior, supply chain logistics, and the emergence of the gig economy. Finally, the paper forecasts future trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain, while addressing the challenges of digital inclusion and data privacy. The review concludes that commerce is no longer merely an exchange of goods for value but a complex, data-driven network that demands new regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations.