Drug delivery strategies for prostate targeting using nanotechnology: Comprehensive review with a focus on prostatitis

Prostatitis is the inflammation in prostate gland occurs commonly in adult males caused by presence or absence of bacteria in the region of pelvic region. It is third most occurred infection in urinary tract. Globally, 8-15% of men are affected. The condition is occurred in men aged between 30 to 50 years. The most commonly 90% of men are suffered from chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Medication like antibiotics are used to treat prostatitis and some medications like Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alpha blocker, antimuscarinic drugs etc., are used to manage symptoms of prostatitis. Treatment with those medication does not produce therapeutic effects effectively because of certain limitation. To overcome those limitation nanotechnology-based drug delivery system is adopted to treat prostatitis effectively. Information’s regarding prostatitis, categories of prostatitis, factors responsible for prostatitis, symptoms of prostatitis, aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, traditional treatment method, challenges in prostatitis in case of treatment and diagnosis, pharmacokinetic consideration, need of nanotechnology in prostate targeting, nanotechnology based strategies and applications are explained in this review. Finally, overall nanotechnology-driven prostate-targeted drug delivery represents a transformative approach for improving prostatitis treatment and patient quality of life.