Ethnography of Communication: Analyzing Teenagers' Interaction through Dell Hymes SPEAKING Model

This paper applies the ethnography of communication to analyze how teenagers interactin school and online setting. Using Dell Hymes’ SPEAKING Model (Setting/Scene,Participates, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, Genre) the paper demon-strates how communicative competence among adolescents is shaped by local norms,peer-group identities, and platform affordances. Drawing on a small, illustrative corpusof naturalistic interactions (Classroom banker, WhatsApp group chat, and a post-gameconversation) the study shows that teens strategically shift keys (serious/playful), genres(roast, advice, announcement) and instrumentalities (voice, text, emoji) to negotiate status,form solidarity, and manage face. The findings argue that Hymes’ heuristic remains apowerful, practical framework for educational practitioners and researchers, provided it isused alongside thick ethnographic description and attention to youth culture.