LYMPHATICAPPROACHESTOTHEPREVENTIONANDTREATMENTOFCOMPLICATIONSAFTERLAPAROSCOPICCHOLECYSTECTOMY

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallstone disease and acute cholecystitis. Despite its minimally invasive nature, postoperative complications remain clinically relevant. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of the lymphatic system in the development of postoperative inflammation, lymphostasis, and infectious complications. The aim of this review is to analyze current literature data on lymphatic approaches in the prevention and treatment of complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The review discusses pathophysiological mechanisms of lymphatic drainage disorders, lymphotropic drug delivery, physical methods of lymphatic stimulation, and intraoperative preventive measures. Lymphatic approaches are shown to reduce inflammatory complications, postoperative pain, and length of hospital stay. Further randomized clinical studies are required to standardize techniques and clarify indications.