Effectiveness of nursing interventions in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy and poses significant short- and long-term risks to both mother and fetus. The condition is characterized by glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, operative delivery, and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as neonatal complications including macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. Nurses play a pivotal role in the prevention, early detection, management, and long-term follow-up of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus through evidence-based interventions focused on education, lifestyle modification, glucose monitoring, and psychosocial support. This review synthesizes evidence from the past ten years to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions in improving glycemic control, maternal-fetal outcomes, and quality of life among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Eight figures and three tables are integrated to enhance conceptual clarity and clinical relevance. The findings highlight that structured nursing interventions significantly reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, improve adherence to treatment, and empower women to engage in effective selfmanagement. Strengthening nursing-led models of care is essential to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes globally