Emergent Low-Redshift Cosmic Expansion from Electrodynamic Interactions Between Galaxies

The empirical redshift–distance relation observed at low redshift is commonly described by a linear Hubble law, yet galaxy velocity–distance diagrams exhibit substantial intrinsic dispersion and yield scale-dependent values of the Hubble parameter. These features suggest that the linear relation may represent an effective description rather than a fundamental law. In this work, we develop an alternative low-redshift interpretation in which an effective Hubble-like behaviour emerges from long-range electrodynamic interactions between weakly charged, rotating galaxies. Starting from a classical energy-conservation argument, we derive a nonlinear redshift–distance relation in which recession velocities arise from the conversion of electrostatic potential energy into kinetic energy, leading to a scaling of the form z ∝ at leading order. We show analytically that, when this relation is locally expanded around a characteristic separation scale, an approximately linear dependence z≃ Heff D naturally emerges, with an effective slope that depends on the averaging scale and on collective electrodynamic parameters. In this framework, the Hubble parameter inferred from linear fits is interpreted as an emergent, scale-dependent quantity rather than a universal constant at low redshift. The model provides a physical interpretation of the large intrinsic dispersion observed in velocity–distance data, treating it as an intrinsic consequence of collective, environment-dependent interactions rather than as purely stochastic peculiar velocities. In addition, we show that repulsive and attractive interaction channels can coexist within the same electrodynamic description: while monopolar Coulomb-like interactions dominate statistically on large scales and drive global recession, coherent charge motion associated with galactic rotation and magnetized plasma dynamics gives rise to current-mediated interactions analogous to Ampère’s law, allowing for localized attraction during close encounters and mergers. Within the restricted low-redshift regime considered, the framework reproduces key qualitative features of observed velocity–distance distributions reported in local galaxy surveys and Cosmicflows analyses, without requiring the introduction of additional cosmological components such as dark energy or dark matter. The present work does not seek to replace general relativity or standard cosmology in their established domains, but proposes an effective, physically grounded reinterpretation of low-redshift cosmic dynamics, highlighting the role of electrodynamic processes in the emergence of the Hubble law and in the origin of the Hubble tension.