What Holds the Universe Together? A Conceptual Framework for Inertial Cosmology

This preprint presents a conceptual analysis of cosmological expansion with emphasis on the interpretative status of key kinematic quantities. The work focuses on clarifying the distinction between kinematic description and dynamical explanation in cosmology, without proposing a new physical theory or alternative cosmological model.The manuscript is intended as a conceptual and methodological contribution. It has not undergone formal peer review and is made publicly available to ensure transparency, establish priority of ideas, and invite critical examination. The text serves as a reference point for foundational discussions rather than as a source of predictive results.