Strategic Stakeholders in Pluralist and Elitist Models of Sustainable Tourism Policy Formulation

This study aims to analyze the role of pluralist and elitist models in the formulation of sustainable tourism policies and explore the potential for integrating the two models to create inclusive and sustainable policies. The research approach uses descriptive qualitative methods with document analysis and framework synthesis. Data were collected from a literature review related to tourism policy, pluralism, and elitism. The analysis focused on identifying themes, patterns, and comparing the characteristics of the two models in the context of policy formulation. The results indicate that the pluralist model emphasizes the participation of diverse stakeholders, enhancing equity and sustainability, but tends to be slow in implementation. The elitist model excels in efficiency and consistency, but risks dominating certain groups and marginalizing communities. Integrating the two models allows for the creation of more inclusive, responsive, and sustainable policies. This study provides guidance for policymakers to optimize the role of government as a broker between communities and elites, thus achieving a balance between effectiveness and public participation. This study offers a new analytical framework that combines pluralism and elitism, enriching the literature on sustainable tourism policies and providing practical recommendations for decision-makers.